Sitting in Judgment: The Working Lives of Judges

£22.5
FREE Shipping

Sitting in Judgment: The Working Lives of Judges

Sitting in Judgment: The Working Lives of Judges

RRP: £45.00
Price: £22.5
£22.5 FREE Shipping

In stock

We accept the following payment methods

Description

Levine, T.R. Duped: Truth-Default Theory and the Social Science of Lying and Deception; The University of Alabama Press: Tuscaloosa, AL, USA, 2020; ISBN 978-0-8173-2041-6. [ Google Scholar] Bond, C.F.; Howard, A.R.; Hutchison, J.L.; Masip, J. Overlooking the Obvious: Incentives to Lie. Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. 2013, 35, 212–221. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Porter, S.; ten Brinke, L.M.; Wallace, B. Secrets and Lies: Involuntary Leakage in Deceptive Facial Expressions as a Function of Emotional Intensity. J. Nonverbal. Behav. 2012, 36, 23–37. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Green, D.; Swets, J. Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics; John Wiley and Sons: New York, NY, USA, 1966; ISBN 0-932146-23-6. [ Google Scholar] Masip, J.; Alonso, H.; Garrido, E.; Herrero, C. Training to Detect What? The Biasing Effects of Training on Veracity Judgments. Appl. Cogn. Psychol. 2009, 23, 1282–1296. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]

Frank, M.G.; Feeley, T.H. To Catch a Liar: Challenges for Research in Lie Detection Training. J. Appl. Commun. Res. 2003, 31, 58–75. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]Possibly captured at the conclusion of the quest The Trouble with Darkspawn in the Western Approach. Judged for his crimes of working for Corypheus, apostasy, and smuggling. That was tantamount to giving a blank cheque to external advisors who were sitting in judgement on their own case. Over two experiments, we investigated a novel effect of adopting different postures on judges’ perceptions and judgments of liars and truth-tellers. The data find that the posture adopted by a judge impacted their ability to discriminate truthful and deceptive statements (Study 1) and their gazing behavior (Study 2) without affecting response bias or confidence. There are some Sit in Judgment trials that only pertain to the main quest in Dragon Age: Inquisition. To encounter more of these sentencing opportunities, make progress in the main quest. You’ll have chances to mete out justice to some of the story’s most antagonistic villains—give them what they deserve! Knight-Captain Denam

A repeated-measures ANCOVA was conducted on Posture (Open or Closed) and Stakes (High and Low) while controlling for individual differences in empathy. A marginal main effect of stakes was observed ( F(1, 29) = 4.04, p = 0.053, η P 2 = 0.119) suggesting that the High-Stakes videos ( M = 0.61, SD = 0.16) were easier to classify than the Low-stakes videos ( M = 0.51, SD = 0.21). While judges in the Open posture ( M = 0.59, SD = 0.15) had higher accuracy than judges in the Closed posture ( M = 0.55, SD = 0.11), the difference was not statistically significant ( F< 1, p = 0.335). The Stakes X Posture interaction, while also in the predicted direction—the difference between the Open and Closed posture on accuracy being more pronounced for the High-Stakes videos ( M diff = 5.15%) than the Low-Stakes videos ( M diff = 3.60%)—was not statistically significant ( F< 1, p = 0.948). Empathy was not found to affect the results ( Fs < 1, p = 0.644). Lakin, J.L.; Jefferis, V.E.; Cheng, C.M.; Chartrand, T.L. The Chameleon Effect as Social Glue: Evidence for the Evolutionary Significance of Nonconscious Mimicry. J. Nonverbal. Behav. 2003, 27, 145–162. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Thirty-two students (6 males, 26 females; M Age = 19.88, SD = 1.98) were recruited using the university’s online subject pool in return for course credit. A sensitivity analysis for an interaction between Posture (2), Stakes (2), and Veracity (2), given the sample size, estimated that an effect size of Cohen’s f = 0.26 (medium-to-large) can be detected with 95% power and an alpha criterion of 0.05. None of the participants had any uncorrected visual impairments. Meissner, C.A.; Kassin, S.M. “He’s Guilty!”: Investigator Bias in Judgments of Truth and Deception. Law Hum. Behav. 2002, 26, 469–480. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version]If my wife talks about being faithful... or, as women do... sits in judgement over others... l shan't know where to look. I felt that it's somewhat detrimental to have a manager who holds hiring and firing power to be sitting there in judgement of people's rating decisions.

Zloteanu, M.; Krumhuber, E.G.; Richardson, D.C. Acting Surprised: Comparing Perceptions of Different Dynamic Deliberate Expressions. J. Nonverbal. Behav. 2021, 45, 169–185. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Levine, T.R. New and Improved Accuracy Findings in Deception Detection Research. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 2015, 6, 1–5. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Even if you have someone to judge, the quest won’t trigger until you leave Skyhold and return at least once. Schwarz, N.; Clore, G.L. Feelings and phenomenal experiences. In Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles; Higgins, E.T., Kruglanski, A., Eds.; Guilford Press: New York, NY, USA, 1996; Volume 2, pp. 385–407. [ Google Scholar] Concerning gazing behavior, adopting an open posture resulted in less attention being given to the nonverbal behavior of senders, contrasting what the literature would predict. It was found that judges placed in an open posture spent less time gazing at senders. Specifically, they focused less on the hands of senders. Potentially, open posture judges were faster and/or more efficient at extracting information from nonverbal signals and thus required less time looking at senders, or they relied less on nonverbal information for their veracity judgments.

Topics

As the current interest is on how postures can impact the decoding of behavioral cues, we focused on the recognition of brief facial expressions of emotions—microexpressions—proposed in the deception literature as a source of diagnostic information [ 35, 36]. Microexpressions are involuntary full-faced expressions occurring at less than 0.5 of a second, said to reflect the genuine emotional state of the sender [ 35, 37]. It is argued that liars and truth-tellers experience different emotions, which result in differences in the facial expressions each produces [ 35]. Thus, the assumption is that a perceptive judge can utilize these cues to accurately determine the veracity of a sender [ 35]. Mehrabian, A.; Friar, J.T. Encoding of Attitude by a Seated Communicator via Posture and Position Cues. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1969, 33, 330. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] The posture–accuracy effect did not replicate in Study 2 (attributed to the smaller sample size and more uncertainty in parameter estimation, i.e., wider confidence interval), although, a tentative trend in the same direction was observed in the data which was bolstered by the mini-meta-analysis combining the effects sizes showing support for the existence of a moderately sized effect. The data also suggested a slight difference in performance due to the type of lie judges saw, as evidenced by the marginal stakes effect on accuracy. This would indicate that the High-Stakes videos were easier to classify than the Low-Stakes videos. However, the data do not permit any strong inferences with the current sample. While she can be recruited as an agent for the Inquisition, she will not appear in the Inquisition perk list. Judgment Options

Twelve videos (6 lies and 6 truths) from the Bloomsbury Deception Set were used (BDS; [ 49]). Senders in the videos are describing past vacations, where half of the stories are fabrications. The lies told are naturalistic, as the aim of the senders was to deceive the person recording the video, who was not told of the deception occurring; senders were not given any incentive to deceive beyond being asked to help with a travel documentary. The videos contained an equal number of male and female senders, and no sender was used twice. All videos are around 30 s in length. These judgments become available through completing specific side quests. The quest required is noted in the description: Two mixed multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were planned to analyze the data (for AvgDT% and AvgFC), with Posture (Open or Closed) as the between-subjects factor, Stakes (Low and High) as the within-subjects factor, and the four AOIs (Body, Hands, Face. Upper, Face. Lower) as the dependent measures. Significant effects will be explored with univariate ANOVAs and appropriate post hoc contrasts. Gery, I.; Miljkovitch, R.; Berthoz, S.; Soussignan, R. Empathy and Recognition of Facial Expressions of Emotion in Sex Offenders, Non-Sex Offenders and Normal Controls. Psychiatry Res. 2009, 165, 252–262. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed]Ekman, P.; Friesen, W.V. Head and Body Cues in the Judgment of Emotion: A Reformulation. Percept. Mot. Ski. 1967, 24, 711–724. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Keltner, D.; Gruenfeld, D.H.; Anderson, C. Power, Approach, and Inhibition. Psychol. Rev. 2003, 110, 265. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed][ Green Version] Ranehill, E.; Dreber, A.; Johannesson, M.; Leiberg, S.; Sul, S.; Weber, R.A. Assessing the Robustness of Power Posing. Psychol. Sci. 2015, 26, 653–656. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed][ Green Version]



  • Fruugo ID: 258392218-563234582
  • EAN: 764486781913
  • Sold by: Fruugo

Delivery & Returns

Fruugo

Address: UK
All products: Visit Fruugo Shop