Uriel and Aurora inspired upon the composer Brahms the lullaby Wiegenlied that they use to soothe the souls of little children and to infuse them with the comfort and healing of the abiding God Presence and the indwelling Christ flame. Their formation is associated with the closure of the magnetic flux at the top of the dayside magnetosphere by the double lobe reconnection (DLR). Aurora australis (11 September 2005) as captured by NASA's IMAGE satellite, digitally overlaid onto The Blue Marble composite image. The period between approximately 1645 and 1715 corresponds to the Maunder minimum in sunspot activity.

However, this process is hampered by the fact that plasmas conduct readily along magnetic field lines, but less readily perpendicular to them.These particles, mainly electrons and protons, precipitate into the upper atmosphere ( thermosphere/ exosphere).

Auroras seen within the auroral oval may be directly overhead, but from farther away, they illuminate the poleward horizon as a greenish glow, or sometimes a faint red, as if the Sun were rising from an unusual direction. Similarly the Vulgate renders הֵילֵל in Latin as Lucifer, the name in that language for the morning star. The process is mediated by the plasma waves, which become stronger during periods of high geomagnetic activity, leading to increased diffuse aurora at those times. It consists of regularly-spaced, parallel stripes of brighter emission in the green diffuse aurora which give the impression of sand dunes.In 2016, more than fifty citizen science observations described what was to them an unknown type of aurora which they named " STEVE", for "Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement".

clarification needed] As red, green, and blue are linearly independent colors, additive synthesis could, in theory, produce most human-perceived colors, but the ones mentioned in this article comprise a virtually exhaustive list. Ionosphere can contribute to the formation of auroral arcs via the feedback instability under high ionospheric resistance conditions, observed at night time and in dark Winter hemisphere. Horse-collar auroras (HCA) are auroral features in which the auroral ellipse shifts poleward during the dawn and dusk portions and the polar cap becomes teardrop-shaped. That alone would tend to line them up in the Sun-Earth direction, but the rotation of the Sun angles them at Earth by about 45 degrees forming a spiral in the ecliptic plane, known as the Parker spiral.The earliest datable record of an aurora was recorded in the Bamboo Annals, a historical chronicle of the history of ancient China, in 977 or 957 BC. In addition to all these, a weak glow (often deep red) observed around the two polar cusps, the field lines separating the ones that close through Earth from those that are swept into the tail and close remotely. The Greek myth of Phaethon, a personification of the planet Jupiter, [41] follows a similar pattern. Acceleration of auroral charged particles invariably accompanies a magnetospheric disturbance that causes an aurora.