Britz, Ralf; Dahanukar, Neelesh; Anoop, V. K.; Philip, Siby; Clark, Brett; Raghavan, Rajeev; Rüber, Lukas (2020-09-30). "Aenigmachannidae, a new family of snakehead fishes (Teleostei: Channoidei) from subterranean waters of South India". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 16081. Bibcode: 2020NatSR..1016081B. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73129-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7527459. PMID 32999397. Wang, Peng (2013). "The Increasing Threat of Chinese Organised Crime: national, regional and international perspectives". The RUSI Journal. 158 (4): 6–18. doi: 10.1080/03071847.2013.826492. S2CID 154487430. Snakeheads use various methods to get their customers to the West. They may employ the use of stolen or altered passports, improperly obtained visas, and bribes to move people from nation to nation until they arrive at their final destination. The Emperor is capable of reaching 65cm/26”, rendering it suitable only for the species tank, or at very best with other large tank mates — although a very large tank would be needed anyway!

In China, people rely heavily on this species as a source of food and they catch several hundred tons every year. People also keep this fish as a pet in aquariums, which is the cause of many invasive populations. Domestication Snakeheads can become invasive species and cause ecological damage because, in many areas to which they are not native, the absence of natural enemies makes them an apex predator. Not only can they breathe air, but they can also survive on land for up to 4 days, provided they are wet, and are known to migrate up to 400 m (1/4mi) on wet land to other bodies of water by wriggling with their bodies and fins.A masterwork. . . . In this single tale about a global criminal, Keefe finds a story of quintessentially American hope.”

Reds are not too demanding of water conditions and can be maintained in 26–28°C/79-82°F water of most acidities and hardness, as long as extremes are avoided. This is a species only for the experienced fishkeeper.The northern snakehead is not alone in this ability: Walking catfishes, lungfishes, and betta fish can all breathe air directly as well. Reproduction and rearing young Engrossing. . . . Keefe’s narrative delves deeply into Chinatown and the labyrinthine smuggling routes between China and America, but it’s also a glimpse into our conflicted feelings about illegals and the morass of America’s immigration policy.”

Murray, A. M.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2008). "Eocene actinopterygian fishes from Pakistan, with the description of a new genus and species of channid (channiformes)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28: 41–52. doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[41:EAFFPW]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85925173. Native to India, the Spotted is a common species inhabiting an extensive range of habitats, from mild temperate to tropical. Because of this range, this species is reported to tolerate a very broad range of temperatures from 9-40°C/48-104°F. The 1848 discovery of gold in California and abundance of land attracted Cantonese laborers and fortune seekers. Free passage was provided in exchange for indentured work. The construction of the trans-continental railroad brought many thousands of Chinese workers, until the west was flooded with US migrants after the Civil War. In direct competition for employment the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 ended immigration and the Chinese retreated to restaurant and laundry businesses. FDR repealed the Act in 1943 as a concession to Chinese allies in WWII but Mao’s victory in 1949 curtailed further immigration. Justin Yu, the journalist for the World Journal, says that disasters like the Golden Venture do not discourage emigrants, because, considering the stakes, such calamities represent an acceptable risk. “Acceptable risk, acceptable cruelty, acceptable lousy treatment, acceptable long trip, there’s no toilet. It’s acceptable,” he said. “Because of the comparison: the life there, and the life here.”One of the more attractive South-East Asian species, the Ocellated differs in shape from other snakeheads in having a more laterally compressed body. Others have almost cylindrical bodies. Essential reading. . . . A rich, beautifully told story, so suspenseful and with so many unexpected twists that in places it reads like a John le Carré novel.” Hochheiser insisted that his client was primarily a businesswoman—that running an underground bank was the extent of her criminal activity. “We’ve got the tail wagging the dog here,” he said. “This is a money business that is being used to tie Cheng Chui Ping to the alien-smuggling business.” In his closing remarks, he invoked Arthur Miller’s play “The Crucible.” Capable of reaching to 40cm/15.7”, the Splendid is one of the larger species and care should be tailored accordingly. This fairly aggressive species should only be kept with large, robust tank mates — if at all. Water should ideally be 24-28°C/75-82°F, pH 5.0–6.5 and GH to 8.