Hubble images show the far-distant galaxy GN-z11 as it appeared shortly after the Big Bang. (Image credit: NASA) Dark energy in its simplest formulation is modeled by a cosmological constant term in Einstein field equations of general relativity, but its composition and mechanism are unknown. More generally, the details of its equation of state and relationship with the Standard Model of particle physics continue to be investigated both through observation and theory. [9] It is popularly reported that Hoyle, who favored an alternative " steady-state" cosmological model, intended this to be pejorative, [44] [45] [46] but Hoyle explicitly denied this and said it was just a striking image meant to highlight the difference between the two models. [47] [48] [50] Helge Kragh writes that the evidence for the claim that it was meant as a pejorative is "unconvincing", and mentions a number of indications that it was not a pejorative. [43] The recession speeds associated with Hubble's law are not velocities in a relativistic sense (for example, they are not related to the spatial components of 4-velocities). Therefore, it is not remarkable that according to Hubble's law, galaxies farther than the Hubble distance recede faster than the speed of light. Such recession speeds do not correspond to faster-than-light travel. Hawking, Stephen W.; Penrose, Roger (27 January 1970). "The Singularities of Gravitational Collapse and Cosmology". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 314 (1519): 529–548. Bibcode: 1970RSPSA.314..529H. doi: 10.1098/rspa.1970.0021.

The Big Bang Theory - Season 1-7 [Blu-ray] [2014] [Region The Big Bang Theory - Season 1-7 [Blu-ray] [2014] [Region

This graphic shows a timeline of the universe based on the Big Bang theory and inflation models. (Image credit: NASA / WMAP Science Team)

a b Bunn, E. F.; Hogg, D. W. (2009). "The kinematic origin of the cosmological redshift". American Journal of Physics. 77 (8): 688–694. arXiv: 0808.1081. Bibcode: 2009AmJPh..77..688B. doi: 10.1119/1.3129103. S2CID 1365918.

the Big Bang Theory? | Space What is the Big Bang Theory? | Space

Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; etal. (20 January 2007). "Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey". The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv: astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...655..128G. doi: 10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653. The universe continued to decrease in density and fall in temperature, hence the typical energy of each particle was decreasing. Symmetry-breaking phase transitions put the fundamental forces of physics and the parameters of elementary particles into their present form, with the electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force separating at about 10 −12 seconds. [28] [32] After about 10 −11 seconds, the picture becomes less speculative, since particle energies drop to values that can be attained in particle accelerators. At about 10 −6 seconds, quarks and gluons combined to form baryons such as protons and neutrons. The small excess of quarks over antiquarks led to a small excess of baryons over antibaryons. The temperature was no longer high enough to create either new proton–antiproton or neutron–antineutron pairs. A mass annihilation immediately followed, leaving just one in 10 8 of the original matter particles and none of their antiparticles. [33] A similar process happened at about 1 second for electrons and positrons. After these annihilations, the remaining protons, neutrons and electrons were no longer moving relativistically and the energy density of the universe was dominated by photons (with a minor contribution from neutrinos).Warner Brothers Television controls the online rights for the show. [38] [39] Full episodes are available at tv.com, while short clips and recently aired full episodes are available on cbs.com. [40] Full episodes are also available on Sohu.com in China. [41] In Canada, recent episode(s) and pictures are available on CTV.ca. [42] Awards and nominations As the series ended, the cast had their footprints placed in front of the Chinese Theater. Opening Theme - History of Everything Main article: The History of Everything

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a b c d Bridge, Mark (Director) (30 July 2014). First Second of the Big Bang. How The Universe Works. Silver Spring, Maryland. Science Channel. The Big Bang Theory" And "How I Met Your Mother" to Swap Time Periods. The Futon Critic; CBS. February 20, 2008. a b Friedman, Alexander (December 1922). "Über die Krümmung des Raumes". Zeitschrift für Physik (in German). 10 (1): 377–386. Bibcode: 1922ZPhy...10..377F. doi: 10.1007/BF01332580. S2CID 125190902.In a 2020 study, researchers did so by investigating the split between matter and antimatter. In the study, not yet peer-reviewed, they proposed that the imbalance in the amount of matter and antimatter in the universe is related to the universe's vast quantities of dark matter, an unknown substance that exerts influence over gravity and yet doesn't interact with light. They suggested that in the crucial moments immediately after the Big Bang, the universe may have been pushed to make more matter than its inverse, antimatter, which then could have led to the formation of dark matter.