Homefire Ecoal Long Lasting Smokeless Fuel, 20kg

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Fossil fuel consumption has increased significantly over the past half-century, around eight-fold since 1950, and roughly doubling since 1980. Gençsü, Ipek (June 2019). "G20 coal subsidies" (PDF). Overseas Development Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2020 . Retrieved 26 June 2019.

Coal is a type of fossil fuel, formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. [2] Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands called coal forests that covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian) and Permian times. [3] [4] Coal is used primarily as a fuel. While coal has been known and used for thousands of years, its usage was limited until the Industrial Revolution. With the invention of the steam engine, coal consumption increased. [ citation needed] In 2020, coal supplied about a quarter of the world's primary energy and over a third of its electricity. [5] Some iron and steel-making and other industrial processes burn coal. China is the largest producer of coal in the world. It is the world's largest energy consumer, and coal in China supplies 60% of its primary energy. However two fifths of China's coal power stations are estimated to be loss-making. [118] Hvistendahl, Mara (13 December 2007). "Coal Ash Is More Radioactive than Nuclear Waste". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Ayuso-Fernandez I, Ruiz-Duenas FJ, Martinez AT: Evolutionary convergence in lignin-degrading enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2018, 115:6428-6433.In each of these formulas, R represents the remainder of a cellulose or lignin molecule to which the reacting groups are attached. Frequently Asked Questions". U.S. Energy Information Administration. 18 April 2017. Archived from the original on 22 May 2017 . Retrieved 25 May 2017. Energy Statistical annual Reports". Taiwan Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs. 4 May 2012 . Retrieved 26 July 2020. The largest consumer and importer of coal in 2020 was China, which accounts for almost half the world's annual coal production, followed by India with about a tenth. Indonesia and Australia export the most, followed by Russia. [16] Etymology Coal and the environment - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov . Retrieved 27 January 2023.

Cleal, C. J.; Thomas, B. A. (2005). "Palaeozoic tropical rainforests and their effect on global climates: is the past the key to the present?". Geobiology. 3 (1): 13–31. Bibcode: 2005Gbio....3...13C. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2005.00043.x. S2CID 129219852. a b Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max (11 May 2020). "CO 2 emissions by fuel". Our World in Data . Retrieved 22 January 2021.

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Das Naturdenkmal Brennender Berg bei Dudweiler"[The natural monument Burning Mountain in Dudweiler]. Mineralienatlas (in German) . Retrieved 3 October 2016.

Further information: History of coal mining Chinese coal miners in an illustration of the Tiangong Kaiwu encyclopedia, published in 1637 Sasol Is Said to Plan Sale of Its South Africa Coal Mining Unit". Bloomberg.com. 18 September 2019 . Retrieved 31 May 2020. Direct Liquefaction Processes". National Energy Technology Laboratory. Archived from the original on 25 July 2014 . Retrieved 16 July 2014. Sub-bituminous coal, whose properties range between those of lignite and those of bituminous coal, is used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power generation. Analysis: The global coal fleet shrank for first time on record in 2020". Carbon Brief. 3 August 2020 . Retrieved 9 November 2021.

A top priority of the UK COP26 Presidency is to accelerate the global transition from coal to clean energy. The UK government is asking governments to set coal phase out dates and end overseas coal investments, and has set up the Energy Transition Council to bring together partners to ensure that clean power is the most attractive option for developing countries and to support just transitions. Additional information Andriesse, J. P. (1988). "The Main Characteristics of Tropical Peats". Nature and Management of Tropical Peat Soils. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 92-5-102657-2. Coal can be converted directly into synthetic fuels equivalent to gasoline or diesel by hydrogenation or carbonization. [83] Coal liquefaction emits more carbon dioxide than liquid fuel production from crude oil. Mixing in biomass and using CCS would emit slightly less than the oil process but at a high cost. [84] State owned China Energy Investment runs a coal liquefaction plant and plans to build 2 more. [85] If the refiner wants to produce gasoline, the syngas is routed into a Fischer–Tropsch reaction. This is known as indirect coal liquefaction. If hydrogen is the desired end-product, however, the syngas is fed into the water gas shift reaction, where more hydrogen is liberated: