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A standard language is a dialect that is promoted above other dialects in writing, education, and, broadly speaking, in the public sphere; it contrasts with vernacular dialects, which may be the objects of study in academic, descriptive linguistics but which are rarely taught prescriptively. The standardized " first language" taught in primary education may be subject to political controversy because it may sometimes establish a standard defining nationality or ethnicity.

Graham, Steve; Perin, Dolores (2007). "A meta-analysis of writing instruction for adolescent students". Journal of Educational Psychology. 99 (3): 445–476. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.99.3.445. Graham, S., & Perin, D. (2007). Writing next: Effective strategies to improve writing of adolescents in middle and high schools – A report to Carnegie Corporation of New York.Washington, DC:Alliance for Excellent Education. Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, 2002, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press, p. 627f. The preeminence of Parisian French has reigned largely unchallenged throughout the history of modern French literature. Standard Italian is based on the speech of Florence rather than the capital because of its influence on early literature. Likewise, standard Spanish is not based on the speech of Madrid but on that of educated speakers from more northern areas such as Castile and León (see Gramática de la lengua castellana). In Argentina and Uruguay the Spanish standard is based on the local dialects of Buenos Aires and Montevideo ( Rioplatense Spanish). Portuguese has, for now, two official standards, respectively Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese.

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Butler, Christopher S. (2003). Structure and Function: A Guide to Three Major Structural-Functional Theories, part 1 (PDF). John Benjamins. pp.121–124. ISBN 978-1-58811-358-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2020 . Retrieved 19 January 2020. In the United States, the Society for the Promotion of Good Grammar designated 4 March as National Grammar Day in 2008. [20] See also [ edit ] In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structural rules on speakers' or writers' usage and creation of clauses, phrases, and words. The term can also refer to the study of such rules, a subject that includes phonology, morphology, and syntax, together with phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. There are, broadly speaking, two different ways to study grammar: traditional grammar and theoretical grammar. The first systematic grammar of Sanskrit originated in Iron Age India, with Yaska (6th century BC), Pāṇini (6th–5th century BC [8]) and his commentators Pingala ( c. 200 BC), Katyayana, and Patanjali (2nd century BC). Tolkāppiyam, the earliest Tamil grammar, is mostly dated to before the 5th century AD. The Babylonians also made some early attempts at language description. [9]

Belonging to the trivium of the seven liberal arts, grammar was taught as a core discipline throughout the Middle Ages, following the influence of authors from Late Antiquity, such as Priscian. Treatment of vernaculars began gradually during the High Middle Ages, with isolated works such as the First Grammatical Treatise, but became influential only in the Renaissance and Baroque periods. In 1486, Antonio de Nebrija published Las introduciones Latinas contrapuesto el romance al Latin, and the first Spanish grammar, Gramática de la lengua castellana, in 1492. During the 16th-century Italian Renaissance, the Questione della lingua was the discussion on the status and ideal form of the Italian language, initiated by Dante's de vulgari eloquentia ( Pietro Bembo, Prose della volgar lingua Venice 1525). The first grammar of Slovene was written in 1583 by Adam Bohorič, and Grammatica Germanicae Linguae, the first grammar of German, was published in 1578. The grammar of Irish originated in the 7th century with Auraicept na n-Éces. Arabic grammar emerged with Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali in the 7th century. The first treatises on Hebrew grammar appeared in the High Middle Ages, in the context of Midrash (exegesis of the Hebrew Bible). The Karaite tradition originated in Abbasid Baghdad. The Diqduq (10th century) is one of the earliest grammatical commentaries on the Hebrew Bible. [11] Ibn Barun in the 12th century, compares the Hebrew language with Arabic in the Islamic grammatical tradition. [12] From here, you will get additional suggestions on top of the usual spelling and grammatical errors that can guide your writing in a particular direction. None of this happens without your consent, and Grammarly will alert you when it has found something it deems worthy of change. Casson, Lionel (2001). Libraries in the Ancient World. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p.45. ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021 . Retrieved 11 November 2020. The word grammar is derived from Greek γραμματικὴ τέχνη ( grammatikḕ téchnē), which means "art of letters", from γράμμα ( grámma), "letter", itself from γράφειν ( gráphein), "to draw, to write". [7] The same Greek root also appears in the words graphics, grapheme, and photograph.

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If we think about sentences as having jobs to do, there are four main types of sentences: questions , commands , exclamations , statements . Other frameworks are based on an innate " universal grammar", an idea developed by Noam Chomsky. In such models, the object is placed into the verb phrase. The most prominent biologically-oriented theories are: Recently, efforts have begun to update grammar instruction in primary and secondary education. The main focus has been to prevent the use of outdated prescriptive rules in favor of setting norms based on earlier descriptive research and to change perceptions about the relative "correctness" of prescribed standard forms in comparison to non-standard dialects. A series of metastudies have found that the explicit teaching of grammatical parts of speech and syntax has little or no effect on the improvement of student writing quality in elementary school, middle school of high school; other methods of writing instruction had far greater positive effect, including strategy instruction, collaborative writing, summary writing, process instruction, sentence combining and inquiry projects. [17] [18] [19]

grammar (noun): the structure and system of a language, or of languages in general, usually considered to consist of syntax and morphology

Any information used to power Grammarly’s generative AI features, such as prompt type, prompt text, and the context in which it’s used, will be shared with our partners for the sole purpose of providing you with the Grammarly experience. We do not allow any partners or third parties to use your data for training their models or improving their products. Mo is a very intelligent child. He completed all the questions and shared the correct answers with the class when the teacher asked him to. Words create sentences and different words do different jobs in a sentence. Some of the main parts of speech include: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb and adjective. Noun and pronoun Harper, Douglas. "Grammar". Online Etymological Dictionary. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013 . Retrieved 8 April 2010.