Order in Space: A Design Source Book

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A planet is any body orbiting the Sun whose mass is sufficient for gravity to have pulled it into a (near-) spherical shape and that has cleared its immediate neighborhood of all smaller objects. By this definition, the Solar System has eight planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Because it has not cleared its neighborhood of other Kuiper belt objects, Pluto does not fit this definition. [4] This timeline generally does not distinguish achievements by a specific country or private company, as it considers humanity as a whole. See otherwise the timeline of private spaceflight or look for achievements by each space agency.

Robert Lea (2023-08-25). "Why Chandrayaan-3 landed near the moon's south pole — and why everyone else wants to get there too". Space.com . Retrieved 2023-09-22. Quaoar (43.69AU average from the Sun) is the second-largest known object in the classical Kuiper belt, after Makemake. Its orbit is significantly less eccentric and inclined than those of Makemake or Haumea. [169] It possesses a ring system and one known moon, Weywot. [172]

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Nasa device extracts breathable oxygen from thin Martian air". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 2021-04-22 . Retrieved 2021-04-22. Russian title Issledovaniye mirovykh prostranstv reaktivnymi priborami ( Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами) Yi, Sukyoung; Demarque, Pierre; Kim, Yong-Cheol; Lee, Young-Wook; Ree, Chang H.; Lejeune, Thibault; Barnes, Sydney (2001). "Toward Better Age Estimates for Stellar Populations: The Y 2 Isochrones for Solar Mixture". Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 136 (2): 417–437. arXiv: astro-ph/0104292. Bibcode: 2001ApJS..136..417Y. doi: 10.1086/321795. S2CID 118940644.

Piccirillo, Lucio (2020). Introduction to the Maths and Physics of the Solar System. CRC Press. p.210. ISBN 978-0429682803. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022 . Retrieved 10 May 2022. Animations of the Solar System's inner planets and outer planets orbiting; the latter animation is 100 times faster than the former. Jupiter is three times as far from the Sun as Mars. Shaviv, Nir J. (2003). "Towards a Solution to the Early Faint Sun Paradox: A Lower Cosmic Ray Flux from a Stronger Solar Wind". Journal of Geophysical Research. 108 (A12): 1437. arXiv: astroph/0306477. Bibcode: 2003JGRA..108.1437S. doi: 10.1029/2003JA009997. S2CID 11148141.Boss, Alan (October 2006). "Is it a coincidence that most of the planets fall within the Titius-Bode law's boundaries?". Astronomy. Ask Astro. Vol.30, no.10. p.70. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022 . Retrieved 9 April 2022.

a b Levison, H.F.; Morbidelli, A. (27 November 2003). "The formation of the Kuiper belt by the outward transport of bodies during Neptune's migration". Nature. 426 (6965): 419–421. Bibcode: 2003Natur.426..419L. doi: 10.1038/nature02120. PMID 14647375. S2CID 4395099. The Solar System's location in the Milky Way is a factor in the evolutionary history of life on Earth. Its orbit is close to circular, and orbits near the Sun are at roughly the same speed as that of the spiral arms. [232] [233] Therefore, the Sun passes through arms only rarely. Because spiral arms are home to a far larger concentration of supernovae, gravitational instabilities, and radiation that could disrupt the Solar System, this has given Earth long periods of stability for life to evolve. [232] However, the changing position of the Solar System relative to other parts of the Milky Way could explain periodic extinction events on Earth, according to the Shiva hypothesis or related theories, but this remains controversial. [234] [235]Chrysostomou, A.; Lucas, P. W. (2005). "The Formation of Stars". Contemporary Physics. 46 (1): 29–40. Bibcode: 2005ConPh..46...29C. doi: 10.1080/0010751042000275277. S2CID 120275197. Meals Ready to Eat: Expedition 44 Crew Members Sample Leafy Greens Grown on Space Station". Nasa. 7 July 2015. Timeline of Solar System exploration – A comprehensive list of events in the exploration of the Solar System. Mejías, Andrea; Minniti, Dante; Alonso-García, Javier; Beamín, Juan Carlos; Saito, Roberto K.; Solano, Enrique (2022). "VVVX near-IR photometry for 99 low-mass stars in the Gaia EDR3 Catalog of Nearby Stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 660: A131. arXiv: 2203.00786. Bibcode: 2022A&A...660A.131M. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202141759. S2CID 246842719. a b Ryden, Robert (December 1999). "Astronomical Math". The Mathematics Teacher. 92 (9): 786–792. doi: 10.5951/MT.92.9.0786. ISSN 0025-5769. JSTOR 27971203. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022 . Retrieved 29 March 2022.