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Smalcald Articles – Book of Concord". 8 November 2019. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008 . Retrieved 21 April 2007.
Historicist interpretations of Book of Revelation usually included the identification of one or more of the following: Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-12-03 . Retrieved 2018-12-07. {{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link) In the Counter-Reformation, the views of Preterism and Futurism were advanced by Catholic Jesuits beginning in the 16th century in response to the identification of the Papacy as Antichrist. These were rival methods of prophetic interpretation: the futurist and the preterist systems both are in conflict with the historicist method of interpretation. When the Swiss Reformer Huldrych Zwingli became the pastor of the Grossmünster in Zurich (1518) he began to preach ideas on reforming the Catholic Church. Zwingli, who was a Catholic priest before he became a Reformer, often referred to the Pope as the Antichrist. He wrote: "I know that in it works the might and power of the Devil, that is, of the Antichrist". [87]The search for the plain obvious meaning of Scripture when allied with the conviction that God must have spoken in Scripture of the times during which the Reformers lived, which were ‘the last times’, led to a view of Daniel and Revelation as being charters or maps of Church history from the Epiphany [the first coming of Christ] to the Last Judgment. The millennium of Revelation 20 was therefore equated with a thousand years of church history. Yet it was the contents of chapters 13 to 19 of the Apocalypse of John which seemed most to impress the followers of Calvin and Luther. Here they found a clear promise that all the enemies of Jesus Christ would be crushed before the Last Day. The Turks, the papacy and all their supporters would be defeated. ((Toon, “The Latter-Day Glory,” Puritans, the Millennium and the Future of Israel, 25.)) The following is a Twelver Shīʿīte ḥadīth on the topic of the Dajjal, an excerpt from a longer sermon by ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib: Augustine of Hippo (354–430) wrote "it is uncertain in what temple [the Antichrist] shall sit, whether in that ruin of the temple which was built by Solomon, or in the Church." [39]
Maas, Anthony John (1907). "Antichrist". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol.1. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Schaff, Philip; Schley Schaff, David (1885). History of the Christian Church. Charles Scribner's Sons . Retrieved January 18, 2009.
Whitford, David M. (Spring 2008). "The Papal Antichrist: Martin Luther and the Underappreciated Influence of Lorenzo Valla". Renaissance Quarterly. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 61 (61): 26–52. doi: 10.1353/ren.2008.0027. S2CID 162257968. Though it be admitted that Rome was once the mother of all Churches, yet from the time when it began to be the seat of Antichrist it has ceased to be what it was before. Some persons think us too severe and censorious when we call the Roman Pontiff Antichrist. But those who are of this opinion do not consider that they bring the same charge of presumption against Paul himself, after whom we speak and whose language we adopt ... I shall briefly show that (Paul's words in II Thess. 2) are not capable of any other interpretation than that which applies them to the Papacy." [82] a b Johnstone, Nathan (2009). "The synagogue of Satan: anti-Catholicism, false doctrine and the construction of contrariety". The Devil and Demonism in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.27–59. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511495847.002. ISBN 978-0511495847.
The only one of the late 1st/early 2nd century Apostolic Fathers to use the term is Polycarp (c. 69 – c. 155) who warned the Philippians that everyone who preached false doctrine was an antichrist. [23] His use of the term Antichrist follows that of the New Testament in not identifying a single personal Antichrist, but a class of people. [24] Hall, Ian (2006). The International Thought of Martin Wight. London, England: Palgrave Macmillan. p.37. ISBN 978-1403969279. Lietaert Peerbolte, L.J. (1966). The Antecedents of Antichrist: A Traditio-Historical Study of the Earliest Christian Views on Eschatological Opponents. Brill. ISBN 9004104550. According to the Sunni ḥadīth, the Dajjal will then be chased to the gate of Lod where he will be captured and killed by ʿĪsā. [3] [10] ʿĪsā will then break the Christian cross, kill all the pigs, abolish the jizya tax, and establish peace among all nations. [13] Ḥadīth literature [ edit ]Lietaert Peerbolte, Bert Jan (2013). "How Antichrist Defeated Death: The Development of Christian Apocalyptic Eschatology in the Early Church". In Krans, Jan; Lietaert Peerbolte, L. J.; Smit, Peter-Ben; Zwiep, Arie W. (eds.). Paul, John, and Apocalyptic Eschatology: Studies in Honour of Martinus C. de Boer. Novum Testamentum: Supplements. Vol.149. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp.238–255. doi: 10.1163/9789004250369_016. ISBN 978-90-04-25026-0. ISSN 0167-9732. S2CID 191738355. Like many Reformation-era Protestant leaders, the Adventist pioneer Ellen G. White (1827–1915) spoke of the Catholic Church as a fallen church in preparation for its nefarious eschatological role as the antagonist against God's true church; she saw the pope as the Antichrist. Protestant reformers such as Martin Luther, John Knox, William Tyndale and others held similar beliefs about the Catholic Church and the papacy when they broke away from the Catholic Church during the Reformation. [126] Foxe, John (1583). The Acts and Monuments, Book II. R.B. Seeley and W. Burnside, sold by L. & G. Seeley. p. 121 . Retrieved June 6, 2010. See the Lexicon to Pindar. Related terms as noted by the Catholic Encyclopedia include: antibasileus – a king who fills an interregnum; antistrategos – a propraetor; anthoupatos – a proconsul; antitheos – in Homer, one resembling a god in power and beauty (in other works it stands for a hostile god). Does this mean that I don’t believe Islam is dangerous and its leaders want to take over the world? Not at all. My aversion to Islam is not because of Bible prophecy anymore than my aversion to atheism, communism, secularism, scientism, materialism, naturalism, pietism, socialism is linked to and dependent on an understanding of Bible prophecy.
Cohn, Norman (1970). The Pursuit of the Millennium (Rev. and expanded.ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195004564. Norman Cohn. Trebilco, Paul (2004). The Early Christians In Ephesus From Paul To Ignatius. Leiden, Netherlands: William B. Eerdmans Publishing. p.268. ISBN 978-0802807694. Finally, Hartog notes that the Johannine Letters are the only NT writings to use the term "antichrist" (1 Jn 2:18, 22; 4:3; 2 Jn 7) and Polycarp is also the only Apostolic Father to use the term. He notes "Thus, the tests of 'density' and 'singularity' ... quote from McGinn, Bernard, Visions of the End. Apocalyptic Traditions in the Middle Ages, New York: Columbia When the Roman empire shall have ceased, then the Antichrist will be openly revealed and will sit in the House of the Lord in Jerusalem. While he is reigning, two very famous men, Elijah and Enoch, will go forth to announce the coming of the Lord. Antichrist will kill them and after three days they will be raised up by the Lord. Then there will be a great persecution, such as has not been before nor shall be thereafter. The Lord will shorten those days for the sake of the elect, and the Antichrist will be slain by the power of God through Michael the Archangel on the Mount of Olives. [38]In 1988 Ian Paisley, Evangelical minister and founder of the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, made headlines in an infamous manner by accusing Pope John Paul II as the Antichrist during one of the pope's speeches before the European Parliament, which at the time Paisley was member of. His accusation, and the reactions of both Pope John Paul II and other members of the European Parliament, was recorded on video. [90] [91] Narrated to us Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Ishaq that he said: Narrated to us Abdul Aziz bin Yahya Jaludi in Basra: Narrated to us Husain bin Maaz: Narrated to us Qais bin Hafs: Narrated to us Yunus bin Arqam from Abi Yasar Shaibani from Zahhak bin Muzahim from Nazaal bin Sabra that he said: Seventh-day Adventists Believe (2nd ed). Ministerial Association, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. 2005. pp.184–185. ISBN 1-57847-041-2. The Prophecy of the Popes claims Rome will be destroyed during the pontificate of the last Pope, implying a connection to the Antichrist. France, Richard T. (2007). "Scene 2: False Prophets". The Gospel of Matthew. Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp.289–291. ISBN 978-0-8028-2501-8. LCCN 2007013488.
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