Stargo Sandbox Digger Excavator Crane with 360-degree Rotation and Hard Hat for Excellent Sand Dirt and Snow Solid Steel Outdoor Toy

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Evidence Bathyporeia pelagica is able to detect changes in light, which influences its endogenous swimming activity, but it is unlikely to have any visual acuity and has been assessed not to be sensitive to this factor. Benchmark. The continuous presence for one month of moving objects not naturally found in the marine environment (e.g., boats, machinery, and humans) within the visual envelope of the species or community under consideration. Further details Let’s get digging! Our Sand Digger is fully rotatable (360 degrees) and features a moving arm and shovel – ideal for scooping, moving and excavating! Watkin, E.E., 1939(a). The swimming and burrowing habits of some species of the amphipod genus Bathyporeia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 23, 457-465.

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Howson, C.M. & Picton, B.E., 1997. The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Belfast: Ulster Museum. [Ulster Museum publication, no. 276.] Scott, A., 1960. The fauna of the sandy beach, Village Bay, St. Kilda. A dynamical relationship. Oikos, 11, 153-160. The evidence used is stated in the rationale. Where the assessment can be based on a known activity then this is stated. The tolerance to contaminants of species of interest will be included in the rationale when available; together with relevant supporting material. Further details. Khayrallah, N.H., 1985. The tolerance of Bathyporeia pilosa Lindström (Amphipoda: Haustoriidae) to organic and inorganic salts of mercury. Marine Environmental Research, 15, 137-151. A short-term, acute change; e.g., a change of two categories from the MNCR salinity scale for one week ( view glossary) such as from full to reduced.High concentrations of mercury (Hg) in sediments have been reported by many authors (cited in Khayrallah, 1985). This is a feature which may be of direct importance for epistrate feeders such as Bathyporeia pelagica and of indirect importance for its fish and shorebird predators. Khayrallah (1985) investigated the effects of salinity and temperature on the toxicity of two mercuric compounds to Bathyporeia pilosa, which is closely related, and has a similar life-cycle to Bathyporeia pelagica (Fish & Fish, 1996). Khayrallah (1985) found the organic form (C 2H 5HgCl) to be more toxic than the inorganic form (HgCl) of mercury. The toxicity of both forms of Hg to Bathyporeia pilosa, was directly related to increasing concentration (range 0.04-0.75 mg/Hg/l (no sediment)) and temperature (1-20°C), and inversely related to salinity (10 & 20 psu) and age (adults were more tolerant than juveniles). The survival rate of Bathyporeia pilosa was found to be dependent on both the salinity and temperature of the medium, the effect being most pronounced in inorganic concentrations of Hg <0.09 mg/Hg /l, suggesting that the lower concentrations of Hg become important only under conditions of stress caused by some other factor. Bathyporeia pelagica is intolerant of salinity changes unlike Bathyporeia pilosa, so it is possible that Bathyporeia pelagica would be more intolerant of sub-lethal concentrations of both organic and inorganic mercury. Recovery is likely to be moderate owing to the possible persistence of contaminants in the substratum.

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To store The Big Dig Sandbox Digger, we chose to fold up the lever arm and keep it in our garage. It’s possible to disassemble for storage, but it would add an extra step each time you want to use it, and we didn't want to lose the hardware. If you have space, we highly recommend storing it assembled with other sports equipment or outside toys. Meador, J.P., Varanasi, U. & Krone, C.A., 1993. Differential sensitivity of marine infaunal amphipods to tributyltin. Marine Biology, 116, 231-239. Watkin, E.E., 1942. The macrofauna of the intertidal sand of Kames Bay, Millport, Buteshire. Transactions of the Royal Society Edinburgh, 60, 543-561. Benchmark. Force equivalent to a standard scallop dredge landing on or being dragged across the organism. A single event is assumed for assessment. This factor includes mechanical interference, crushing, physical blows against, or rubbing and erosion of the organism or habitat of interest. Where trampling is relevant, the evidence and trampling intensity will be reported in the rationale. Further details.EvidenceThe strength of wave action determines the topography, slope and width of the intertidal. An increase in wave exposure would alter the shore through increased erosion (which may not be compensated for by deposition) and leave a coarser substratum. Intolerance has been assessed to be high owing the potential loss of habitat and the alteration in the nature of the sediment outside the habitat preference of the species. Re-population is likely on return to prior conditions and recoverability has been assessed to be high (see additional information below).

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Southward, A.J., 1982. An ecologist's view of the implications of the observed physiological and biochemical effects of petroleum compounds on marine organisms and ecosystems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, 297, 241-255. Evidence Bathyporeia pelagica is infaunal and highly mobile so that is unlikely to be damaged by abrasion caused by the passing scallop dredge. Therefore, it has been assessed as tolerant. Khayrallah, N.H., 1977. Studies on the ecology of Bathyporeia pilosa in the Tay Estuary. , PhD thesis, University of Dundee. The weight limit of The Big Dig Sandbox Digger is 110 pounds. This means that our kids will be able to use this toy for years before they get too heavy for the seat. We expect that they will outgrow it based on their height and how comfortable they can be on the seat before reaching the weight limit.EvidenceSalinities higher than those of natural seawater are uncommon, although they could occur in surface pools of interstitial water on sand and mud flats in summer owing to surface evaporation. Bathyporeia pelagica is a stenohaline species and would be intolerant of exposure to hypersaline conditions, especially in conditions of elevated temperature. However, owing to the relatively well drained nature of the substratum populated by Bathyporeia pelagica, pooling of surface water is unlikely. In addition the species can, to some extent, avoid the factor by burrowing deeper into the sediment where changes of salinity are buffered. Therefore, intolerance has been assessed to be low. Recovery has been assessed to be high because it is unlikely that the entire population would be affected, e.g. individuals may burrow deeper into the sediment, and would rapidly attain a pre-impact population following reproduction. Here at Creative Play, we manufacture our own unique range of playground equipment using a variety of different materials. Benchmark. A one hour change in the time covered or not covered by the sea for a period of oneyear. Further details

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EvidenceA decrease of two categories in the water flow rate for the duration of one year would, in the absence of wave action determining grain size, favour the deposition of finer sand, silts and clays. Bathyporeia pelagica demonstrated a habitat preference for clean, medium to fine grained sands with a minimum silt/clay content. Accumulation of finer sediments over the period of a year would alter not only the physical properties of the substratum, but also the chemical properties, especially the degree of oxygenation. Bathyporeia pelagica is probably intolerant of poorly oxygenated substrata, and smaller juveniles may be easily smothered by accretion of fine material. Again, assuming that tidal flow rate exerts an influence on sedimentation, Bathyporeia pelagica would become exposed to conditions outside its habitat preference and would probably no longer be found at such a location. Intolerance has been assessed to be high. Recovery has been assessed to be high owing to the species distribution and reproductive pattern (see additional information below), although following return to prior conditions, it may take many months for the substratum to obtain characteristics favourable for colonization by the species. Benchmark. Sensitivity can only be assessed relative to a known, named disease, likely to cause partial loss of a species population or community. Further details. A normally intertidal species or community is exposed to a change in desiccation equivalent to a change in position of one vertical biological zone on the shore, e.g., from upper eulittoral to the mid eulittoral or from sublittoral fringe to lower eulittoral for a period of one year. Further details. EvidenceDesiccation is unlikely to prove a lethal factor to a species of an established beach fauna since the risk of drying up follows a regular pattern to which the species have evolved e.g. the development of physiological adaptations to withstand the risk of desiccation (Eltringham, 1971). Bathyporeia pelagica is an intertidal species, whose distribution typically extends from above mean tide level (MTL), into the shallow sublittoral on beaches of clean medium to fine sand. Medium to fine-grained sand remains damp throughout the tidal cycle (Connor et al. 1997b) and its uppermost distribution on the shore is apparently primarily determined by its intolerance to reduced salinity (Preece, 1970). It is also a mobile species able to migrate from intolerable environmental fluctuations. If Bathyporeia pelagica were exposed to a change in desiccation equivalent to a change in position of one vertical zone on the shore, its environmental position and physiology are likely to protect it from the effects of desiccation and Bathyporeia pelagica has been assessed not to be intolerant of the benchmark change in desiccation. EvidenceAmphipods have been reported to be sensitive to oil (Suchanek, 1993). After the Amoco Cadiz oil spill there was a reduction in both the number of amphipod species and the number of individuals (Cabioch et al., 1978). Initially significant mortality would be expected, attributable to toxicity and the effects of smothering, therefore intolerance has been assessed to be high. Often populations do not return to pre-spill abundances for 5 or more years, which is most likely related to the persistence of oil within sediments (Southward, 1982), and recovery has been assessed to be moderate.Environmental Records Information Centre North East, 2018.ERIC NE Combined dataset to 2017. Occurrence dataset: http://www.ericnortheast.org.ukl accessed via NBNAtlas.org on 2018-09-38 A long-term, chronic change in temperature; e.g. a 2°C change in the temperature range for a year. This definition includes ‘long term’ thermal discharges. Reeves International The Big Dig and Roll Ride-On Working Excavator with Wheels: If you want your child to be able to move their sand digger around, consider one with wheels like the Reeves International The Big Dig and Roll Ride-On Working Excavator with Wheels. It is a little bit more expensive, but if you want to use the digger in a yard, the wheels would really up the realistic factor and provide a lot more opportunities for your child to dig. Unless you have very compact sand that is easy to wheel around on, the wheels are probably not worth the extra cost to use at the beach. After feeding on the prey the larvae will pupate and eventually emerges from the nest as an adult wasp. This adult wasp will then look for a mate and if the wasp is a female, she will begin to prepare and provision a nest for its own eggs. STAND & DIG. This model works well for kids who just want to stand and dig and also works well when you pull up a wheel chair.