Sea and Land: An Illustrated History of the Wonderful and Curious Things of Nature Existing Before and Since the Deluge (Classic Reprint)

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Barnes, D. K. A.; Galgani, Francois; Thompson, Richard C.; Barlaz, Morton (2009). "Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 364 (1526): 1985–1998. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0205. PMC 2873009. PMID 19528051. Ahmed AS, Sultana S, Habib A, Ullah H, Musa N, Hossain MB, Rahman MM, Sarker MS (2019). "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in some commercially important fishes from a tropical river estuary suggests higher potential health risk in children than adults". PLOS ONE. 14 (10): e0219336. Bibcode: 2019PLoSO..1419336A. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219336. PMC 6797209. PMID 31622361.

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A wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, protists, algae, plants, fungi, and animals, lives in the seas, which offers a wide range of marine habitats and ecosystems, ranging vertically from the sunlit surface and shoreline to the great depths and pressures of the cold, dark abyssal zone, and in latitude from the cold waters under polar ice caps to the warm waters of coral reefs in tropical regions. Many of the major groups of organisms evolved in the sea and life may have started there. Much floating plastic rubbish does not biodegrade, instead disintegrating over time and eventually breaking down to the molecular level. Rigid plastics may float for years. [218] In the centre of the Pacific gyre there is a permanent floating accumulation of mostly plastic waste [219] and there is a similar garbage patch in the Atlantic. [220] Foraging sea birds such as the albatross and petrel may mistake debris for food, and accumulate indigestible plastic in their digestive systems. Turtles and whales have been found with plastic bags and fishing line in their stomachs. Microplastics may sink, threatening filter feeders on the seabed. [221] The seas have been an integral element for humans throughout history and culture. Humans harnessing and studying the seas have been recorded since ancient times, and evidenced well into prehistory, while its modern scientific study is called oceanography and maritime space is governed by the law of the sea, with admiralty law regulating human interactions at sea. Several nomadic indigenous groups in Maritime Southeast Asia live in boats and derive nearly all they need from the sea. The Moken people live on the coasts of Thailand and Burma and islands in the Andaman Sea. [196] Some Sea Gypsies are accomplished free-divers, able to descend to depths of 30 metres (98ft), though many are adopting a more settled, land-based way of life. [197] [198] Gokay, Bulent (2001). The Politics of Caspian Oil. Palgrave Macmillan. p.74. ISBN 978-0-333-73973-0. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021 . Retrieved 22 January 2019.The Marvelous Mirs". Ocean Explorer. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 14 July 2007 . Retrieved 5 July 2013. Bennett, William J (2007). America: The Last Best Hope, Volume 2: From a World at War to the Triumph of Freedom 1914–1989. Nelson Current. p. 301. ISBN 978-1-59555-057-6. Long-shore currents". Orange County Lifeguards. 2007. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013 . Retrieved 19 April 2013. a b Millero, F. J.; Feistel, R.; Wright, D. G.; McDougall, T. J. (2008). "The composition of Standard Seawater and the definition of the Reference-Composition Salinity Scale". Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 55 (1): 50–72. Bibcode: 2008DSRI...55...50M. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.10.001.

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Physics of Tsunamis". National Tsunami Warning Center of the USA. Archived from the original on 1 November 2014 . Retrieved 3 October 2013. Vesilind, Priit J. (2003). "The Driest Place on Earth". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2013. Pálsson, Hermann (1965). The Vinland sagas: the Norse discovery of America. Penguin Classics. p.28. ISBN 978-0-14-044154-3. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021 . Retrieved 15 April 2010.a b c Monkhouse, F. J. (1975). Principles of Physical Geography. Hodder & Stoughton. pp.280–291. ISBN 978-0-340-04944-0. Rip current characteristics". Rip currents. University of Delaware Sea Grant College Program. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013 . Retrieved 19 April 2013. According to this definition, the Caspian would be excluded as it is legally an "international lake". [10] Simpson, Michael (2004). A life of Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Cunningham: A Twentieth-century Naval Leader. Routledge. p.74. ISBN 978-0-7146-5197-2. Plastic you put in the bin ends up in landfill. When rubbish is being transported to landfill, plastic is often blown away because it’s so lightweight. From there, it can eventually clutter around drains and enter rivers and the sea this way.

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Norris, Gregory J. (1981). "Evolution of cruising". Cruise Travel (December): 28. [ permanent dead link]

Scotland is surrounded by sea. The boundary between the sea and land is called the coast or coastline . How does plastic get into the ocean? The bottom line is us. Whether we mean to litter or not, there's always a chance the plastic we throw away could make it into the sea, and from there who knows? Maybe as far as the Arctic. Weyl, Peter K. (1970). Oceanography: an introduction to the marine environment. John Wiley & Sons. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-471-93744-9.