Schwarzkopf Osis Plus Blow and Go Smooth Blow Dry Spray 200 ml 1720057

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An economical and effective method of reducing risk while sharing air is use of secondary (octopus) demand valves. [3] This is effective only if the buddy is available for sharing at the time of the emergency. Suitable for all hair types, tapes can be used on ombré hairstyles, highlights and lowlights, or to complement a classic look. They do not require chemical processes. Staff (4 March 2014). "CMAS Self-Rescue Diver". Standard Number: 2.B.31 / BOD no 181 ( 04-18-2013 ). CMAS . Retrieved 13 April 2017. Verdier, C.; Lee, D. A. (2008). "Motor skills learning and current bailout procedures in recreational rebreather diving". In: Verdier (Ed). Nitrox Rebreather Diving. DIRrebreather Publishing. ISBN 978-2-9530935-0-6. Archived from the original on September 18, 2008 . Retrieved 7 January 2016. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link)

The only reference to emergency ascent training in the CMAS Diver Training Program (CMAS TC Version 9/2002) is in the 1-star course where Controlled buoyancy lift of victim to surface is specified under practical training of rescue skills.This policy is a general agreement that emergency ascent training is worth the risk on ethical grounds, and recommends those procedures which the agencies consider most appropriate for teaching recreational divers. It does not prescribe training procedures or standards. If the buoyancy compensator is supplied from the breathing gas cylinder, the volume available will be extremely limited, but it will expand during ascent, and instead of dumping it to reduce excess buoyancy, it may be breathed by the diver. Anyone who considers this as an option should ensure that the interior of the BC is decontaminated before use, as it is an environment in which pathogens may breed. In the technique taught by BSAC and some other agencies, the rescuer faces the casualty and uses the casualty's buoyancy compensator to provide buoyancy for both divers as the rescuer makes a controlled ascent. If the casualty is not breathing, the ascent will be urgent. [8] If the two divers separate during the ascent, the use of the casualty's buoyancy is intended as a failsafe causing the casualty to continue to the surface where there is air and other rescuers can help. The rescuer will be negative at this point, but this is generally easily compensated by finning and corrected by inflation of the rescuer's BC. Few issues of diver training have been more controversial than the teaching of emergency ascent procedures. The controversy centers on techniques, psychological and physiological considerations, concern about today's legal climate, and finally the moral issue: is it wise and ethical to train divers in emergency ascent techniques, even though this training may itself be hazardous? Free ascent is the procedure used in US Navy submarine escape training. However the term is also used for other emergency diver ascent procedures where breathing gas is not available to the diver during the ascent. [3]

Bailout ascent is where the diver makes use of a bailout set carried by him/herself to provide an emergency breathing gas supply for this kind of emergency. On a type 2 bell, the divers' umbilicals are connected to the gas panel in the bell, and the procedure used should minimise the risk of the umbilical snagging during the ascent and forcing the diver to descend again to free it. If the diver excursion umbilical is not long enough to allow the diver to reach the surface, the standby diver will have to disconnect the bell diver's umbilical, and the rest of the ascent may be done on bailout, pneumo supply from the standby diver, or the standby diver can connect a replacement umbilical.

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Emergency ascent training policy differs considerably among the certification agencies, and has been the subject of some controversy regarding risk-benefit. If the buoyancy compensator has an inflation gas supply from an independent, dedicated cylinder, this gas can be breathed by the diver by using the inflation valves and the oral inflation mouthpiece. BC inflation cylinders are neither common, nor usually very large, so the amount of air will be small and generally insufficient for staged decompression, but a few breaths on the way up can make a big difference to the stress level of the diver, and may prevent loss of consciousness. Vann, RD; Lang, MA, eds. (2011). Recreational Diving Fatalities (PDF). ISBN 978-0-615-54812-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2016 . Retrieved 29 September 2016. {{ cite book}}: |first2= has generic name ( help); |work= ignored ( help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Blow and go is a free ascent where the diver exhales at the bottom before starting the ascent. The breath may be held during part of the ascent, as the lungs are emptied before starting. This procedure is considered unnecessarily hazardous by many recreational training agencies. [3] An ascent where the diver is pulled to the surface by the line tender, either as a response to an emergency signal from the diver, or a failure to respond to signals from the surface. A diver may also be assisted in the ascent by the line tender in a normal ascent, particularly divers in standard dress, where it was often the normal operating procedure.

Exhaling ascent [3] is an ascent where the diver continuously exhales at a controlled rate during the ascent. This may apply to an emergency swimming ascent/free ascent or a controlled emengency swimming ascent, and distinguishes it from a blow and go procedure. In 1977 a formal policy regarding training of emergency ascent procedures was adopted by five major American recreational diver certification agencies: NASDS, NAUI, PADI, SSI and YMCA. [3] a b Jablonski, Jarrod (2006). Doing It Right: The Fundamentals of Better Diving. High Springs, Florida: Global Underwater Explorers. ISBN 0-9713267-0-3. A first stage regulator which is to be used with an octopus demand valve should be able to supply the required flow rate without freezing up if the water is cold. [3]

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Tethered-ascent – where the diver has unintentionally lost full control of buoyancy due to a loss of ballast weight, and controls ascent rate by use of a ratchet dive reel with the end of the reel line secured to the bottom. [2] Disadvantages are that it requires the diver to reach the surface in a limited time, which does not allow for staged decompression, possible delays due to entanglement or snags, or long distances to reach the surface. It also requires the diver to produce propulsive effort, which reduces potential endurance on the single breath or limited gas available. Buddy breathing by two divers on a single second stage is specified as the least desirable of the dependent options.