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m (upland rice) to reflect the limitation to root growth in deep horizons due to low pH and differences among crop species in rooting patterns and/or tolerance to low pH (Pivetta et al. To portray most dominant practices in sugarcane farms, 3 main cycles of ratoon crops of 12-month duration each were simulated at each location: early (April-15), mid (Aug-15), and late planting (Nov 15). Most sugarcane, soybean, and maize is produced in rainfed conditions (>90%); rice is produced in irrigated (80%) and rainfed (20%) conditions in the southern and north-central regions, respectively. Major crops are soybean, maize, sugarcane, and rice which account for 90% of total crop area, and (except for rice) the country is one of the largest producers and exporters of these crops.
These experiments included a total of 31 site-years in Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, São Paulo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, and Tocantins states (soybean), 9 site-years in São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, and Goiás states (maize), 20 site-years in Rio Grande do Sul state (irrigated rice), and 4 site-years in Mato Grosso (upland rice). Default coefficients in Hybrid-Miaze model (except for those related with phenology) were used for maize simulations. Comparison of simulated and observed phenology (left) and grain yields (right) for rice (top), soybean (middle), and maize (bottom). Simulations of widespread varieties for each region were performed using Hybrid-Maize model (Yang et al. Precipitation is well distributed during the year in the south (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Parana), while it exhibits strong seasonality in the rest of the producing regions, with wet summers and dry winters.For each crop-RWS combination, each crop sequence x soil type combination was simulated, and then weighted by their relative proportion to retrieve an average Yw at the level of the RWS buffer zone (or Yp in the case of irrigated rice).
Genetic coefficients for rice were calibrated based on data from previous rainfed and irrigated experiments in Brazil (Heinemann et al.Rainfed rice buffer zones did not attempt to cover cropping areas in Maranhão and northern Pará and Piauí states where rice is grown in flooded conditions in rainfed lowland environments (not uplands). Average (2015-2019) total production, harvested area, and average yield of soybean, maize, sugarcane and rice in Brazil. Please note, we cannot offer refunds on beauty, pierced jewellery or on swimwear if the hygiene seal is not in place or has been broken. Data from the Atlas is available for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.
Hybrid Maize, CROPGRO and ORYZA models were evaluated on the ability to reproduced measured phenology and grain yields in well-managed experiments across Brazil showing satisfactory performance (see Figure 1). The 1-3 dominant soil series were identified for each RWS buffer based on data from the Radambrasil project (see Cooper et al. If you want to see a sample data set, you can download one here or you can ask for it by reaching out to us at gyga. Yield gap (Yg) was calculated as the difference between long-term average Yw (rainfed crops) or Yp (irrigated crops) and average (2012-2017) farmer yield. Long-term(20 years) daily weather data were retrieved from Brazilian Institute of Meteorology (INMET) and include maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation for the period between years 1999 and 2018.Including more years before 2012 in the calculation of average actual yield would have led to a biased estimate of average actual yield due to a strong technology trend in Brazil. In the case of buffers where both safra and safrinha were common maize, average maize yield was estimated by averaging their respective average yields, weighting by the proportion of maize area under each crop system. Requested information include: dominant crop rotations and proportion of each of them to the total harvested area, sowing window, dominant cultivar name and maturity, and optimal plant population density (CONAB, 2019). Additional note: Early subscription discount is applicable if you become one of the first 15 sponsors and annual licensees.
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