LinkedIn and 3rd parties use essential and non-essential cookies to provide, secure, analyze and improve our Services, and to show you relevant ads (including professional and job ads) on and off LinkedIn. Another benefit of ICP discharges is that they are relatively free of contamination, because the electrodes are completely outside the reaction chamber. The maximum velocity is 490–500 m/s, and the decrease in velocity from the cathode tip to the outlet is not significant in these cases.

Here, Q j,v = 0 as in current equations, there is no source within the plasma, J is the current density, E is the electric field, V is the electric potential, σ is the electric conductivity, and J eo is the external current density. As the input power is increased, the intensity of the current density on the anode wall also increases.The steady state computational analysis is conducted on a 2D axis-symmetric geometry (that has the same shape, dimensions, and inflow conditions of the plasma torch used in the experiments). The computational results show that the temperature of the plasma jet near the cathode tip is 12 000–14 000 K, and the first ionization and the theory explain that the first ionization occurs at those temperatures. An inductively coupled plasma ( ICP) or transformer coupled plasma ( TCP) [1] is a type of plasma source in which the energy is supplied by electric currents which are produced by electromagnetic induction, that is, by time-varying magnetic fields.

Near the outlet, however, the velocity is 400 m/s, which is less than the velocity for nitrogen and air. Here, α and β are the particle species, n is the particle density, T is the temperature, q is the heat flux, u i is the velocity, E is the electric field, m is the mass, v αβ is the particle collision frequency, and κ is the Boltzmann constant. Figure 5 shows the c p variation of a nitrogen plasma gas obtained from the thermal plasma handbook and thermodynamics gas properties obtained using the TEC program that has the data needed to calculate the final state of plasma gas.The spatial resolution of measurements in the direction perpendicular to the line of sight was about 0.