Perivoliotis, Dimitri; Grant, Paul M.; Peters, Emmanuelle R.; etal. (2010). "Cognitive insight predicts favorable outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis". Psychosis. 2: 23–33. doi: 10.1080/17522430903147520. S2CID 143474848.

Even the “aha” moment itself might be accessible to study in non-verbal subjects, given the expected physiological emotional response that follows it. We know that many animals show an emotional response while learning how to solve tasks (independent from the presence of a reward; e.g., cows, Hagen and Broom, 2004; goats, Langbein et al., 2004; horses, Mengoli et al., 2014; dogs, McGowan et al., 2014; dolphins, Clark et al., 2013). Studying insight through the presentation of a solution would thus require both a behavioral analysis (as in traditional contrafreeloading tests or yoked experimental designs; e.g., Hagen and Broom, 2004; Rosenberger et al., 2020) as well as a physiological one. Artificially altering the transparency of the path toward the solution, and altering the time spent at an apparent impasse, may allow us to predict and modify the intensity of the respective physiological (as it would be an increased heart rate; Hill and Kemp, 2018) and behavioral responses (e.g., in dogs, we would predict pupil dilation, tail wagging, and increased general activity; McGowan et al., 2014; Webb et al., 2019; Salvi et al., 2020). Conclusion a b Segal, Eliaz (1 March 2004). "Incubation in Insight Problem Solving". Creativity Research Journal. 16 (1): 141–48. doi: 10.1207/s15326934crj1601_13. S2CID 145742283. Jarman, Matthew S. (2014-07-01). "Quantifying the Qualitative: Measuring the Insight Experience". Creativity Research Journal. 26 (3): 276–288. doi: 10.1080/10400419.2014.929405. ISSN 1040-0419. S2CID 144300757.

Igniting the conversation

While rodent studies suggest that insight does not require sophisticated cognition, the role of the prefrontal cortex in important insight stages may suggest insightful solutions are more likely to emerge in species that have highly developed and functionally equivalent brain regions ( Shettleworth, 2010, 2012; Call, 2013; Olkowicz et al., 2016; Shen et al., 2018). Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria a b Ovington, Linda A.; Saliba, Anthony J.; Moran, Carmen C.; etal. (2015-11-01). "Do People Really Have Insights in the Shower? The When, Where and Who of the Aha! Moment". The Journal of Creative Behavior. 52: 21–34. doi: 10.1002/jocb.126. ISSN 2162-6057. Köhler, Wolfgang (1999). The mentality of apes (Repr.ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-20979-3.

Groups typically perform better on insight problems (in the form of rebus puzzles with either helpful or unhelpful clues) than individuals. [21] Example of a rebus puzzle. Answer: man overboard. Salvi, Carola; Bricolo, Emanuela; Franconeri, Steven; Kounios, John; Beeman, Mark (December 2015). "Sudden insight is associated with shutting out visual inputs". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 22 (6): 1814–1819. doi: 10.3758/s13423-015-0845-0. PMID 26268431. Participants who ranked lower on emotionality and higher on openness to experience performed better on insight problems. Men outperformed women on insight problems, and women outperformed men on non-insight problems. [22] Recent Examples on the Web Filled with insights about their performances, off-field adventures and the league’s daily chatter, the podcasts are a direct portal to fans and a way for players to build their brands. — Emmanuel Morgan, New York Times, 20 Nov. 2023 Newsletter Sign-up WSJ | CFO Journal The Morning Ledger provides daily news and insights on corporate finance from the CFO Journal team. — Jennifer Williams-Alvarez, WSJ, 19 Nov. 2023 Joining me for insight and analysis are: NBC News Capitol Hill Correspondent Ryan Nobles, New York Times Pentagon Correspondent Helene Cooper, former Republican Congressman Carlos Curbelo and former Democratic Congresswoman Stephanie Murphy. — Nbc Universal, NBC News, 19 Nov. 2023 To answer questions about this type of natural phenomenon, Fox News Digital reached out to two science experts for insights and information. — Erica Lamberg, Fox News, 18 Nov. 2023 Three years later, Curtis gave further insight into what Guest is like behind the scenes. — Jessica Booth, Peoplemag, 17 Nov. 2023 Radio on Apple Music 1, Parton offered some rare insight into their relationship, even going as far as to recall the event that led him to ditch red carpets for good. — Meghan Overdeep, Southern Living, 17 Nov. 2023 Whitson’s unique perspective offers insights into the awe-inspiring views of Earth from space and the collective responsibility to protect our planet. — David L. Coddon, San Diego Union-Tribune, 16 Nov. 2023 What lessons and insights from your first season with Mercedes last year helped you this season? — Viju Mathew, Robb Report, 16 Nov. 2023 See More The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher’s Note

MINI REVIEW article

Two clusters of problems, those solvable by insight and those not requiring insight to solve, have been observed. [12] A person's cognitive flexibility, fluency, and vocabulary ability are predictive of performance on insight problems, but not on non-insight problems. [12] In contrast, fluid intelligence is mildly predictive of performance on non-insight problems, but not on insight problems. [12] More recent research suggests that rather than insight versus search [ clarification needed], that the subjective feeling of insight varies, with some solutions experienced with a stronger feeling of Aha than others. [13] Emotion [ edit ] Additionally, while incubation improves insight performance for individuals, it improves insight performance for groups even more. [21] Thus, after a 15-minute break, individual performance improved for the rebus puzzles with unhelpful clues, and group performance improved for rebus puzzles with both unhelpful and helpful clues. [21] Individual differences [ edit ] People are poorer at predicting their own metacognition for insight problems, than for non-insight problems. [24] People were asked to indicate how "hot" or "cold" to a solution they felt. Generally, they were able to predict this fairly well for non-insight problems, but not for insight problems. [24] This provides evidence for the suddenness involved during insight. Friedlander, Kathryn J.; Fine, Philip A. (2016). "The Grounded Expertise Components Approach in the Novel Area of Cryptic Crossword Solving". Frontiers in Psychology. 7: 567. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00567. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 4853387. PMID 27199805.