Cesmebasi, Alper (1 January 2015), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 31 - Anatomy of the Cervical Plexus and Its Branches", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp.441–449, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00032-9, ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0 Merea, Valeria Silva; Pitman, Michael J. (1 January 2019), Chhetri, Dinesh K.; Dewan, Karuna (eds.), "Chapter 5 - Anatomy and Physiology of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter", Dysphagia Evaluation and Management in Otolaryngology, Elsevier, pp.29–34, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-56930-9.00005-x, ISBN 978-0-323-56930-9, S2CID 80855923

The ascending part is composed of the inferior fibers of trapezius, that originate from the supraspinous ligaments and spinous processes of the vertebrae T4-T12. These fibers pass upwards and laterally to insert onto the lateral apex of the medial end of the scapular spine. The semispinalis capitis is innervated by the descending branches of the greater occipital nerve (C2) and spinal nerve C3, while the semispinalis cervicis and multifidus cervicis are innervated by the medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves. These muscles receive their blood supply via branches of the vertebral, deep cervical and occipital arteries. The muscle bellies both travel towards the hyoid bone and connect via the intermediate tendon, a fibrous tissue sling that is anchored to the superior aspect of the body of hyoid bone.The inferior part arises from the anterior surface of bodies of vertebrae T1-T3 and inserts into the anterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C5-C6. Skeletal muscle is found in many sizes and various shapes. The small muscles of the eye may contain only a few hundred myocytes/muscle fibers, while the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh may contain hundreds of thousands of myocytes. Ellis, Harold; Susan Standring; Gray, Henry David (2005). Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. pp. 538–539. ISBN 0-443-07168-3. When you can move the injured area without pain stopping you, try to keep moving it so the joint or muscle does not become stiff. A pharmacist can help with sprains and strains Semispinalis capitis, that arises from the articular processes of vertebrae C4-C7 and transverse processes of vertebrae T1-T6. It then courses upwards to insert between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone.

During contraction, sarcomere length shortens due to ‘walking’ of the myosin filaments along the actin towards each z disc, pulling them centrally; this action in turn reduces the size of the H zone. This mechanism for contraction is known as ‘ sliding filament theory’. The function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle depends on whether the muscle acts alone or together with its contralateral counterpart. Semispinalis cervicis, that arises from the transverse processes of vertebrae T1-T6 and inserts onto the spinous processes of vertebrae C2-C5. The digastric muscle has dual innervation. The anterior belly is innervated by the nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, while the posterior belly receives innervation from the digastric branch of the facial nerve. The blood supply for the digastric muscle is derived from the submental branch of the facial artery, and posterior auricular and occipital arteries.The nerve supply to the omohyoid is provided by the ansa cervicalis. Its blood supply stems from the superior thyroid branch of the external carotid artery, and inferior thyroid branch of the thyrocervical trunk. For the first couple of days, follow the 4 steps known as RICE therapy to help bring down swelling and support the injury: Striated muscle can be further subdivided into three classifications based on its location and morphology:

The anterior scalene muscle is innervated by the anterior rami of the spinal nerves C4-C6, and vascularized by the ascending cervical branch of inferior thyroid artery. The muscle is innervated by the anterior rami of the spinal nerves C2-C6. Its blood supply stems from branches of the vertebral, inferior thyroid and ascending pharyngeal arteries. growth in the length of muscle fibers occurs as a result of new sarcomeres being added to the end of existing myofibrils.Striations in cardiac muscle are not as defined as those seen in skeletal muscle as they are slightly obscured by relatively large amounts of mitochondria and other organelles present in the cell (reflecting the higher metabolic demands of this tissue compared with skeletal muscle). Cardiomyocytes are connected at their ends by specialized junctional complexes known as intercalated discs; these serve to functionally couple all cardiomyocytes, thus allowing rapid propagation of signals for contraction across the heart muscle tissue. In light microscopy, they are identified as dark staining, irregularly arranged short lines which cross the cardiac muscle tissue, perpendicular to the fiber direction. When the vertebral column is fixed, the muscle produces elevation of the 1st rib, which combined with the action of the external intercostals expands the antero-posterior diameter of the thoracic cage. This action is important during forced respiration. The suboccipital muscles are four small muscles found in the suboccipital region, deep to the semispinalis muscles. These are:

The transverse part is composed of the middle fibers of trapezius, that originate from the nuchal ligament of the spinous processes of vertebrae C1-C6, and spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of vertebrae C7-T3. These fibers pass horizontally to insert onto the medial acromial margin and the superior crest of the scapular spine.The posterior belly arises from the medial surface of mastoid notch, a deep groove found on the mastoid process of temporal bone. The digastric muscle is a small muscle situated below the mandible, that extends from the mastoid process of temporal bone to the chin. The muscle is composed of a posterior and an anterior belly, connected by an intermediate tendon, which represents their common insertion point.